What is Pulpitis ?
Pulpitis refers to the inflammation of the dental pulp, the soft tissue at the core of a tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. When this tissue becomes irritated or infected, it triggers sharp, often throbbing pain that may radiate to the jaw or ear. Unlike a surface-level cavity, pulpitis affects deeper layers and often signals that bacteria or trauma have reached the inner part of the tooth.
Symptoms of pulpitis
The most common symptom is spontaneous pain, sometimes intense and pulsating, that can appear without stimulation or linger after contact with hot, cold, or sweet substances. Some patients report pain that worsens when lying down or occurs during the night. The affected tooth may also be sensitive to chewing or even light tapping. In certain cases, a localized swelling may appear, sometimes accompanied by pus discharge, indicating a more advanced infection.
Possible complications
If left untreated, pulpitis can evolve into pulp necrosis—the death of the pulp tissue—opening the door to deeper infection. The bacteria can spread to the surrounding bone, leading to cyst formation or abscesses, and in rare cases, travel to other areas of the body via the bloodstream. Early treatment can often save the tooth. Once the pulp is irreversibly damaged, the options become limited.
What causes pulpitis?
Deep cavities are the leading cause, especially when they’re allowed to progress unchecked. Trauma to the tooth, such as a fracture or blow, can also damage or expose the pulp. Repeated or overly deep dental procedures may irritate the tissue as well. Chronic teeth grinding (bruxism) and excessive wear can gradually compromise the enamel and expose the pulp to irritation and infection.
Different types of pulpitis
There are two main forms: reversible and irreversible. In the reversible stage, the pulp is inflamed but can heal if the cause is removed. In the irreversible stage, the pain becomes more intense and persistent, and the pulp begins to deteriorate. Pain that lingers after removing the stimulus or occurs spontaneously often indicates the irreversible form. Reversible pulpitis may only require a simple filling, while irreversible cases call for more extensive intervention.
Diagnosing pulpitis
A thorough clinical exam, including thermal testing and X-rays, helps identify the affected tooth and assess the extent of inflammation. Responses to cold, heat, or pressure offer valuable clues about the pulp’s condition. Quick diagnosis allows for less invasive treatment, while delays can lead to complications that require surgical or extraction-based solutions.
Treating pulpitis
When pulpitis is reversible, conservative treatment is possible. This typically involves removing decay and placing a protective, biocompatible material. If the pulp is irreversibly damaged, root canal therapy is required. This procedure involves removing the infected tissue, cleaning and sealing the root canals, and restoring the tooth’s structure. In cases of severe infection or structural damage, extraction may be the only viable option. The treatment choice depends on pain severity, clinical findings, and imaging results.
Preventing pulpitis
Good daily hygiene, including brushing twice a day and flossing, reduces the risk of bacterial buildup. Routine dental checkups make it easier to catch cavities before they reach the pulp. Managing habits like teeth grinding, avoiding trauma, and treating cracks early also helps preserve internal tooth health.
Concerned about your dental health? Speak with our team
At Clinique Dentaire Métro Papineau, our team provides targeted, evidence-based treatment for all forms of pulpitis. If you’re experiencing persistent pain, unusual sensitivity, or suspect an issue with one of your teeth, schedule a consultation. Early action is often the difference between keeping and losing a tooth.
